I was reading a book by mathematician Francis Su, he was the
president of the Mathematical Association of America and the Benediktsson-Karwa
Professor of Mathematics at Harvey Mudd College. His book is titled: Mathematics
for Human Flourishing (Su, 2020). In the book, Prof. Su lays out his case that
doing mathematics exemplifies the best of human endeavors and is worthy of the struggles.
Each chapter is centered around a word, a concept, or a value that he holds
dear, and he goes into detail to discuss the relationship between mathematics and
those words, concepts, and values.
What does this have to do with volleyball?
I found his chapter on the topic of freedom very compelling.
Unsurprisingly, my mind went off into the wild blue yonder and I thought that
the freedoms that Prof. Su discussed could fit universally into many realms,
but I started thinking specifically into what we are doing in coaching volleyball.
I felt that the five freedoms he named are ideally suited to describe what we strive
to do for the teams and the players that we coach.
If, by serendipity, the discussion on the concept of freedom
can also make coaches pause and think about what they are doing a little
differently than the usual dogma, so much the betterThe five freedoms of mathematics that Prof. Su cited are:
· Freedom
of knowledge
· Freedom
to explore
· Freedom
of understanding
· Freedom
to imagine
· Freedom
of welcome.
Taking these same freedoms, we can delve into the details
and generate some ideas as to what those freedoms mean in terms of volleyball.
Freedom of Knowledge
In volleyball terms, there are plenty of volleyball related knowledge
to be taught: skills, techniques, systems, tactics, strategies, etc.
So does this mean that freedom of knowledge is a
no-brainer?
Just do what we are doing and what we have been doing since there
was such a thing as volleyball coaching? Are there more to this?
How about the non-volleyball knowledge that are tangentially
related to what we do but are also impactful, knowledge like statistical
analysis, psychology, cognitive sciences, leadership qualities, ability to
communicate, ability to build teams, kinesiology, skill acquisition, decision
making, …the list does seem to go on and on. Do we just stop at the volleyball
knowledge? Or do we give them as much as they can handle, giving them all the knowledge
that we can to bolster their knowledge base?
Just as there are many ways to look at and play volleyball, and
all can be valid for specific situations and circumstances; all the knowledge
listed have validity for different situations and players. The idea then is to
decide on which knowledge do we want to have in our toolbox? Which tools will
be the most useful for most situations? We can’t dig deeply into everything
about everything, so which ones are the most optimal for me? Which ones can I
understand, use, and implement? It is good to know what you have many tools available,
but the world being uncertain and random, “what you don’t know” and “what you
don’t know you don’t know” could be critical.
My take on this is to give them as many ideas, opinions, and
options as possible. Some might be on a shallow level, but at least make them
aware of it and understand the limitations each tool has and leave the deep
dives for when they feel the interest or need to implement the concept to solve
problems.
As a coach, we need to give our players that freedom, of
teaching our players all that we know and more in order to give them that
complete toolbox to go out and play the game.
Freedom to Explore
The idea of the freedom to explore may seem anomalous
if we think in terms of a practice environment where we are giving the players strict
instructions in the practices and an environment of discipline under which the
players have perform. Indeed, the argument should be made that the freedom to
explore gives the players the ethos to stimulate creativity, imagination, and enchantment
in themselves. It allows the players to interact, question, and seek answers on
their own motivation, on their own schedule, and in their own ways. Their
interpretation of the game might be different from our interpretation, as the
oft quoted mantra, albeit in a completely different sense: the games teaches
the game. The exploration of the game on an intellectual as well as on a
physical level creates that tension between regimentation and freedom to
explore which will stimulate the intellectual impulse of the player while also
giving them a chance to test out their impulses in real time..
As coaches we need to give our players space to explore,
room to fail, opportunities to come to wrong conclusions and then correct those
conclusions; all to serve their freedom to knowledge, because knowledge gained
through personal experience are much more meaningful, easier to recall, and be
called upon to use in a meaningful way.
Freedom of Understanding
From the freedom of understanding, we know that we have
tools in the toolbox, but having the tools does not mean that we know when or
where to use those tools. This is where the freedom of understanding
comes in. You can give them all the knowledge, but they need to know the answer
to the question: Why? Why do we pass with this technique versus another? Why do
we hit with this technique versus another? Why do we play this defense versus
that defense? Why is the tempo of our sets fast versus slower? Why do we serve
this zone versus that zone?
Freedom of understanding allows the players to make
connections as a natural progression of action. It gives them a causal link
from one action to the reasonable following action. It gives them a bigger
picture that everything you do in volleyball is connected and fit together
meaningfully.
For the players to achieve mastery of the knowledge of the
game of volleyball, they need to have a deep understanding of the underlying
structure of the physical, tactical, psychological, and emotional responses
that we humans employ during the game. Freedom of understanding also
enables the freedom to knowledge to flourish, it gets the innate
curiosity that is the hallmark of human nature to take the players where they
can fill in their own blanks, which serves to satisfy their own sense of
wonder, enables them to be responsible
for their intellectual yearnings, as well as we question the self-imposed envelope
of how we see our game, maybe even expand that envelope.
Freedom of Imagination
Imagination is one of the most exalted ideals in our
pantheon of ideals, for good reason. It is result of letting our minds run free
and exploring all our knowledge and through our understanding
of the fundamental tenets of our game. I believe it is the logical follow-up to
our study and practice of the game of volleyball. Yet we coaches, to a large
extent, shut down this natural inclination in deference to performance and to
the procedural execution of playing the game. The urge is understandable: we cannot
be discovering, exploring, and using our conceptual processes all the time
while playing the game: the game is a game of reactions and counter-reactions.
Yet as we defer to the procedural, we are turning off our players’ natural
curiosity to explore and come to different conclusions because we have labeled
any ideas that are different from our preferred orthodoxy counterproductive and
forbidden. We have, unintentionally, killed off some of that natural curiosity
and we have also relegated the search for new ideas to the domain of the coach.
I will admit that the game of volleyball is severely limited
in its scope in many areas mainly because of the rules of the game as well as
the limits of human ability to perform. Indeed, we can argue that the beginning
player will inevitably repeat the same mistakes as those that came before them
in previous generations and make the same discoveries only to be told that the
idea has been attempted previously. So what. Personally earned experience
serves to harden the lesson, much more so than oral instructions. There are, of
course, limits to that idea. We don’t want every player to personally relive
every volleyball innovation throughout history in order to learn the limits of
the game. We also don’t want to make the sport to be dead and without room for
imagination, we have erred excessively towards one end of the argument, to the
detriment of the sport.
Another way to think of this comes in a phrase: “making
space for the divine.” Actors talking about acting have this phrase to remind
themselves to not becoming too regimented, that the idea of acting is an
exercise in creation, reacting to and allowing the other performers to perform and
in being spontaneous; the admonishment is: “You don’t want to end up acting
like robots.” In other words, “leaving room for the divine” means to leave room
for the spontaneous, the moment of dealing with the unknown, whether the
spontaneity is due to something mundane, i.e. the situation, or whether the
spontaneity is due to impulse.
In volleyball, “leaving room for the divine” means that you
don’t want the players to play like robots, i.e. to breakdown the free-flowing
game into digestible bites of movements. We want instead to leave room for the
spontaneous play. We want our players to be able to deal with and succeed in
dealing with the unknowns of the uncertainty of play. It doesn’t matter whether
the spontaneity is due to something mundane or due to impulse. Free flowing wu-wei,
or flow is the desirable goal.
Freedom of Welcome
The freedom of welcome is perhaps the one freedom
that will confuse. The idea is that volleyball is and should always be
welcoming to all who come and seek. While that idea has been ingrained in our
pluralistic society, the actual implementation of the ideal is sketchy.
I remember when I was playing pick-up ball in my college gym,
and I was ostracized and shunned because I was a terrible player, the worst. I
was the game-killer. It was embarrassing to be waiting to play and never be
selected to play. Fortunately for me there were people at the open gyn who
selected me, showed me the skills, encouraged me to try things out on the
court. Unsurprisingly, they were all also the best players in the gym. Their generosity
and the sense of welcome made me a better player. They used their status to
bring me into the cult of volleyball, my life was changed forever because of
their welcome.
Some would think that that is the way it should be, always.
But is never is. We so value the quality of our playing time that we forget to
be kind, generous, and welcoming.
This is a freedom that is perhaps the most challenging for
everyone involved, because it asks us to suspend our rabid competitiveness for
the sake of being kind, for allowing others into our private club. For growing
the game.
Freedom of welcome also means to be welcoming to
ideas and opposing opinions. It means to be patient and listen to the opinions
of others and to welcome debate amongst friends. We can live and prosper
together even if we disagree on the details.
To be welcoming needs to be a freedom given to all of our
players, to indoctrinate in their minds that volleyball at least, is and needs
to always be a pluralistic enterprise.
The Virtues
We, of course, do not give our players these freedoms
without getting something in return. We gain more, in my estimation, than we
give.
The freedom of knowledge gives the player sense of
resourcefulness, a sense that they have the freedom to do what they need to do
to accomplish their goals because they have the tools.
The freedom to explore gives the players the virtue
of fearlessness in asking the difficult questions. It gives them the virtue of
independent thinking as well as the virtue of viewing failure as an
opportunity
The freedom of understanding gives the players the
virtue of having confidence in knowledge.
The freedom of imagination gives the players the
virtues of inventiveness, joyfulness, and a sense of the confidence to deal
with uncertainties.
The freedom of welcome gives us the virtue of
kindness, generosity, and the chance to serve our vast volleyball community. We
are indeed growing the game.
As I described these freedoms and all the good that are a
part of the gift, we must also be incisive enough to emphasize to the players
that: true freedom comes with many costs, responsibilities, and
relationships. Freedom does not imply nihilism, that by itself could be
the most important lesson of all.
References
Su, F. (2020). Mathematics for Human Flourishing.
Yale: Yale University Press.
